See a list of terms and descriptions I-M from the Teaching Knowledge Database

Two students talking together in a classroom

Minimal pair

Minimal pairs are pairs of words that only have one sound different.

A teacher sitting next to a student giving them feedback

Mistakes

Mistakes are things that are wrong in a learner's English. They can be divided into two types, errors and slips.

Classroom with students with their hands up

Mixed ability

Mixed ability as used in ELT usually refers to the differences that exist in a group in terms of different levels of language proficiency.

A student smiling

Modal verbs

Modal verbs are a small group of verbs which convey the speaker's opinion about or attitude towards what is being expressed.

Teacher in Singapore pointing a the whiteboard

Model

A model is an example of the target language a teacher shows learners to help them notice language patterns, or to encourage them to imitate.

A teacher monitors a class in Dubai

Monitor

To monitor is to watch and listen to learners while they are doing an activity but not to lead them in the activity.

group of students in Italy

Monolingual

Students in a monolingual class speak the same first language, and will share most aspects of a culture.

Teacher standing in front of whiteboard

Morpheme

A morpheme is the smallest single unit of language that has meaning.

Research and insight

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